spend 和 take 的用法区别
在英语学习中,spend 和 take 都可以表示“花费时间”,但它们的主语、句型结构和使用场景有明显不同。正确区分二者有助于提升语言表达的准确性。
1. spend 的用法
spend 表示“某人花费时间/金钱做某事”,主语通常是人。
常用结构:
sb. spend(s) time/money on sth.
sb. spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth.
She spends two hours on homework every day.
They spent a lot of money buying a new car.
I spent the whole morning cleaning the house.
2. take 的用法
take 表示“做某事花费(某人)多少时间”,主语通常是形式主语 it 或 事情本身。
常用结构:
It takes sb. time to do sth.
Doing sth. takes sb. time.(较少见)
It takes me 30 minutes to walk to school.
It took her three days to finish the report.
Learning a language takes patience and practice.
3. 主要区别总结
- 主语不同:spend 的主语是“人”;take 常用 “it” 作形式主语。
- 动词搭配不同:spend 后接 on sth. 或 (in) doing;take 后接 to do。
- 语义侧重不同:spend 强调“主动投入”;take 强调“客观所需时间”。
4. 常见错误示例
❌ It spends me an hour to cook dinner.
✅ It takes me an hour to cook dinner.
❌ She takes two hours reading novels.
✅ She spends two hours reading novels.
掌握这些区别后,你就能更自然、准确地使用 spend 和 take 表达“花费时间”的概念了!