在英语学习中,and 是最常用的并列连词之一,而 and that 则是一种特定的表达结构。它们虽然都包含 “and”,但在语法功能和语义上存在明显差异。
1. “and” 的基本用法
and 用于连接两个或多个语法成分(如单词、短语、从句等),表示并列关系。
例句:
I like apples and oranges.
She is smart and hardworking.
He ran to the door and opened it.
2. “and that” 的常见用法
and that 通常出现在口语或非正式语境中,用来强调前面所说的内容,或引出一个补充说明、结果、甚至抱怨。它常带有情感色彩(如惊讶、不满、强调等)。
例句:
It’s expensive, and that’s not all — it doesn’t even work!
She forgot my birthday, and that after I reminded her twice!
I told him to be quiet, and that he should leave immediately.
注意:在最后一种用法中,“and that” 引导的是宾语从句(如 “I said that...” 的省略形式),但现代英语中更常见的是用于强调语气的口语表达。
3. 主要区别总结
- 语法功能不同:
and是标准并列连词;and that常用于引出附加信息或情感强调。 - 正式程度不同:
and适用于所有文体;and that多见于口语或非正式写作。 - 语义重心不同:
and that往往带有“不仅如此,而且……”的意味,具有递进或情绪色彩。
4. 常见误区
初学者有时会误将 and that 当作普通并列结构使用,例如错误地说:“I bought a book and that is red.” 正确表达应为:“I bought a book, and it is red.” 或 “I bought a red book.”