一、基本含义与结构
- pay：通常指“付款”，强调金钱的支付。
常用结构：pay (money) for something或pay someone (money) - spend：表示“花费（时间或金钱）”，主语通常是人。
常用结构：spend time/money on something或spend time/money (in) doing something - take：多用于表示“花费（时间）”，主语通常是事情或活动。
常用结构：It takes someone time to do something - cost：表示“花费（金钱、时间、精力等）”，主语通常是物或事。
常用结构：Something costs (someone) money/time
二、例句对比
- pay：I paid ¥50 for this book. / She paid the waiter.
- spend：He spent two hours on homework. / They spent a lot of money traveling.
- take：It took me an hour to finish the report.
- cost：This phone cost me ¥3000. / The mistake cost him his job.
三、常见错误提醒
- ❌ “It spent me two hours.” → ✅ “It took me two hours.”
- ❌ “The book paid me ¥50.” → ✅ “I paid ¥50 for the book.”
- ❌ “I cost a lot of money.” → ✅ “I spent a lot of money.”
四、总结口诀
人 spend，物 cost；
It takes 时间 to do；
pay for 买，pay sb 钱。