在英语学习中,cost、spend 和 take 都可以表示“花费”,但它们的主语、宾语和句型结构有明显区别。正确使用它们是提升英语表达准确性的关键。
1. spend
主语通常是人,表示某人花费时间或金钱做某事。
- spend time/money on something:在……上花时间/钱
例:She spent $50 on books. - spend time/money (in) doing something:花时间/钱做某事
例:He spent two hours cleaning the room.
2. cost
主语通常是物或活动,表示某物花费(某人)多少钱或精力。
- something costs (someone) money/time
例:This phone cost me 3000 yuan.
例:The project cost them a lot of time. - 注意:cost 的过去式和过去分词仍是 cost。
3. take
主语通常是 it(形式主语),表示做某事花费多少时间。
- It takes (someone) time to do something
例:It took me an hour to finish the homework.
例:It takes patience to learn a language. - 也可用于表示花费精力:
例:This job will take all your energy.
总结对比表
| 动词 | 主语 | 常用结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| spend | 人 | spend + 时间/金钱 + on/doing | I spent 20 minutes reading. |
| cost | 物/事 | sth costs (sb) + 金钱/时间 | The book cost me $10. |
| take | it(形式主语) | It takes (sb) + 时间 + to do | It took her 3 days to recover. |