What Is a Tornado?
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. Wind speeds can exceed 200 miles per hour, making tornadoes one of nature’s most destructive forces.
How Do Tornadoes Form?
Tornadoes typically form during severe thunderstorms when warm, moist air meets cool, dry air. This creates instability in the atmosphere. If wind shear is present—changing wind speed or direction with height—it can cause horizontal spinning that tilts vertically, forming a tornado.
When and Where They Occur
In the United States, tornadoes are most common in "Tornado Alley," which includes parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska. However, tornadoes can occur anywhere and at any time of year, though peak season is spring and early summer.
Safety Tips During a Tornado
- Seek shelter in a basement or an interior room on the lowest floor (like a bathroom or closet).
- Stay away from windows and exterior walls.
- If you're in a mobile home, evacuate immediately—even weak tornadoes can destroy them.
- If outdoors with no shelter, lie flat in a ditch and cover your head.
- Monitor local weather alerts via NOAA Weather Radio or trusted apps.
After the Storm
Once it's safe, check for injuries and damage. Avoid downed power lines and report gas leaks. Listen to official updates before returning home if you evacuated.