1. 基本词性与功能
and 是一个并列连词(coordinating conjunction),用于连接两个或多个语法成分(如单词、短语、从句等)。
that 可作代词、限定词或从属连词(subordinating conjunction),常用于引导名词性从句或定语从句。
2. and 的典型用法
- 连接两个名词:
I bought apples and oranges. - 连接两个动词:
She sings and dances. - 连接两个句子(并列句):
It was raining, and we stayed home.
3. that 的典型用法
- 引导宾语从句:
I think that he is right. - 引导定语从句(指代先行词):
The book that you gave me is great. - 作指示代词:
That is my car.
4. 主要区别总结
- and 表示并列关系,连接同等地位的成分;that 表示从属关系,引导从句。
- and 后面接的内容通常独立完整;that 引导的内容是对主句的补充说明或修饰。
- 在口语中,that 在宾语从句中常可省略(如:I think he is right),但 and 不能省略。
5. 常见错误示例
❌ 错误:I know and he is honest.(误用 and 连接主句与从句)
✅ 正确:I know that he is honest.
❌ 错误:She likes tea that coffee.(误用 that 表并列)
✅ 正确:She likes tea and coffee.