Introduction
Healthy plants are essential for productive gardens and farms. However, they are often threatened by a variety of diseases and pests. Early identification and proper management can prevent significant damage and loss.
Common Plant Diseases
- Leaf Spot: Brown or black spots on leaves caused by fungi or bacteria.
- Powdery Mildew: White powdery coating on leaves due to fungal infection.
- Root Rot: Decay of roots in overly wet soil, often caused by water molds.
- Blight: Rapid browning and death of plant tissues (e.g., tomato blight).
Frequent Plant Pests
- Aphids: Small sap-sucking insects that cause curling and yellowing of leaves.
- Spider Mites: Tiny arachnids that create fine webs and stippled foliage.
- Whiteflies: Small white flying insects that weaken plants and spread viruses.
- Slugs and Snails: Chew irregular holes in leaves, especially in damp conditions.
Prevention & Control Tips
- Practice crop rotation to disrupt pest and disease cycles.
- Ensure proper plant spacing for good air circulation.
- Water at the base of plants to keep foliage dry.
- Use organic options like neem oil, insecticidal soap, or beneficial insects.
- Remove and destroy infected plant material promptly.
When to Seek Help
If you notice sudden wilting, widespread discoloration, or unexplained plant death, consider contacting your local agricultural extension office for expert diagnosis and advice.