概述
在英语学习中,spend 和 take 都可以表示“花费(时间)”,但它们的主语、句型结构和使用语境存在明显差异。正确区分二者有助于提升语言表达的准确性。
spend 的用法
spend 是一个及物动词,通常以“人”作主语,强调某人主动花费时间或金钱。
基本句型:
sb. spend(s) time/money on sth.sb. spend(s) time/money (in) doing sth.
例句:
- She spends two hours on homework every day.
- They spent a lot of money buying a new car.
- I spent the whole morning cleaning the house.
take 的用法
take 通常用于“It takes sb. time to do sth.”结构,主语是形式主语 it,真正主语是后面的不定式短语。强调做某事所需的时间。
基本句型:
It takes sb. time to do sth.
例句:
- It takes me 30 minutes to walk to school.
- It took them three days to finish the project.
- How long does it take to get to the airport?
主要区别总结
- 主语不同:spend 的主语是“人”;take 的主语是“it”(形式主语)。
- 侧重点不同:spend 强调人的主动行为;take 强调事情本身所需的时间。
- 结构不同:spend 后接 on 或 doing;take 后接 to do。
常见错误示例
- ❌ I take two hours to do my homework. (应为:I spend two hours on my homework.)
- ❌ It spends me 20 minutes to cook. (应为:It takes me 20 minutes to cook.)