论文中前言的英文写作

掌握学术论文引言部分的英文表达技巧

什么是论文前言 (Introduction)?

在学术论文中，前言（Introduction）是文章的开篇部分，其主要功能是为读者提供研究背景、阐明研究问题、陈述研究目的，并概述论文的结构。一个清晰有力的前言能够吸引读者兴趣，并为理解后续内容奠定基础。

在英文论文中，前言通常被称为 "Introduction"，有时也用 "Preface" 或 "Prologue"，但在学术语境下，"Introduction" 是最常见和标准的术语。

前言的核心组成部分

一篇完整的英文论文前言通常包含以下几个关键要素：

研究背景 (Background)：介绍研究领域的总体情况，说明该主题的重要性。
文献综述 (Literature Review)：简要回顾相关领域的已有研究成果，指出知识空白（research gap）。
研究问题/目的 (Research Problem/Purpose)：明确提出本研究要解决的具体问题或达到的目标。
研究意义 (Significance)：阐述本研究的理论或实践价值。
论文结构 (Structure)：简要说明论文其余部分的组织安排。

常用英文表达与句型

1. 引出背景

• In recent years, there has been growing interest in...
• The study of X has become increasingly important due to...
• X plays a crucial role in...

2. 文献回顾与指出现有研究不足

• Previous studies have investigated...
• However, little attention has been paid to...
• Despite extensive research on X, the mechanisms of Y remain unclear.

3. 提出研究问题与目的

• This study aims to investigate...
• The purpose of this paper is to examine...
• The present research addresses the question of...

4. 阐述研究意义

• The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of...
• This research has important implications for...

5. 介绍论文结构

• The remainder of this paper is organized as follows...
• Section 2 reviews the literature, followed by the methodology in Section 3.

写作技巧与注意事项

✓ 写作建议：

从宽泛背景逐步聚焦到具体研究问题（漏斗式结构）。
语言要正式、客观、简洁。
确保逻辑清晰，各部分之间过渡自然。
避免在前言中呈现详细数据或结果。

✗ 常见错误：

背景描述过于冗长或过于简略。
研究问题表述模糊不清。
文献回顾缺乏批判性分析。
过度承诺研究结果。

示例段落

以下是一个简短的英文前言示例：

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare, finance, and education. Despite its rapid development, ethical concerns surrounding AI decision-making processes have emerged as a critical issue. While previous research has explored technical aspects of AI algorithms, limited attention has been given to the transparency and accountability of these systems in real-world applications. This study aims to examine the ethical implications of AI-driven decision-making in healthcare settings, focusing on patient trust and algorithmic bias. By analyzing case studies from three major hospitals, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on responsible AI deployment. The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 reviews relevant literature, Section 3 describes the methodology, Section 4 presents findings, and Section 5 discusses implications and concludes.